Henck (Alphonsus Eugene) Arron
April 25, 1936
Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana [now Suriname]
Politician who became prime
minister of Suriname in 1973 and led that nation to independence
in 1975. He was overthrown by a military coup in 1980.
Albert King
April 25, 1923 -- December
21, 1992
Indianola, Miss., U.S. -- Memphis,
Tenn.
American blues musician who
created a unique string-bending guitar style that influenced three
generations of musicians and earned him the nickname "godfather
of the blues".
Karel Appel
April 25, 1921
Amsterdam, Neth.
Dutch painter of turbulent,
colourful, semiabstract compositions, a cofounder (1948-49) of
the Cobra group of northern European Expressionists.
Jean-Gabriel-Edmond Carmet
April 25, 1920 -- April 20,
1994
Tours, France -- Sèvres,
near Paris, France
Appeared in some 200 motion
pictures in a career that spanned 50 years. Carmet began as a
stagehand and comedian in revues such as the Branquignols troupe
(1948). His first screen role was as a member of a crowd in Marcel
Carné's ...
Ella Fitzgerald
April 25, 1918
Newport News, Va., U.S.
American singer who became
world famous for the wide range and rare sweetness of her voice.
She developed a singing style that was much imitated in the 1950s
and '60s.
Muhammed Said Abdulla
April 25, 1918
Zanzibar, Tanz.
Tanzanian novelist generally
regarded as the father of Swahili popular literature.
Marcos Perez Jimenez
April 25, 1914
Michelena, Venezuela
Professional soldier and president
of Venezuela whose regime was marked by extravagance, corruption,
police oppression, and mounting unemployment.
Claude Mauriac
April 25, 1914
Paris
French novelist and critic,
a practitioner and interpreter of the avant-garde school of nouveau
roman ("new novel") writers, who, in the 1950s and '60s,
spurned the traditional novel. It was Mauriac who coined the label
alittérature ("nonliterature") in his book L'Alittérature
...
Edward (Egbert) R(oscoe) Murrow
April 25, 1908 -- April 27,
1965
Greensboro, N.C., U.S. -- Pawling,
N.Y.
Radio and television broadcaster
who was the most influential and esteemed figure in American broadcast
journalism during its formative years.
Herbert Matter
April 25, 1907 -- May 8, 1984
Engelberg, Switz. -- Southampton,
N.Y., U.S.
Swiss-born American advertising
designer and photographer known for his pioneering use of photomontage
in commercial art.
Meyer Fortes
April 25, 1906 -- January 27,
1983
Britstown, Cape Province, S.Af.
-- Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Eng. British social anthropologist
known for his investigations of West African societies.
William J(oseph) Brennan, Jr.
April 25, 1906
Newark, N.J., U.S.
Associate justice of the United
States Supreme Court (1956-90).
Andrey Nikolayevich Kolmogorov
April 25, 1903 -- October 20,
1987
Tambov, Russia -- Moscow
Russian mathematician whose
work influenced several branches of modern mathematics. Notably,
he presented some basic postulates for probability theory that
have since served to make the subject an integral part of analysis.
Wolfgang Pauli
April 25, 1900 -- December
15, 1958
Vienna, Austria -- Zürich,
Switz.
Austrian-born American winner
of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1945 for his discovery (1925)
of the Pauli exclusion principle (q.v.), which states that in
an atom no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.
This principle clearly ...
John Chipman
April 25, 1897 -- May 14, 1983
Tallahassee, Fla., U.S. --
Winchester, Mass.
American physical chemist and
metallurgist who was instrumental in applying the principles of
physical chemistry to constituents in liquid metals and to the
chemical reactions between slag and liquid iron that are important
in the production of pig iron and ...
Pavel Sergeevich Aleksandrov
April 25, 1896 -- November
16, 1982
Bogorodsk [now Noginsk], Russia
-- Moscow
Soviet mathematician who made
important contributions to the field of topology, the study of
related physical or abstract elements that remain unchanged under
certain ...
Guglielmo Marconi
April 25, 1874 -- July 20,
1937
Bologna, Italy -- Rome
Italian physicist and inventor
of a successful system of radio telegraphy (1896). In 1909 he
received the Nobel Prize for Physics. He later worked on the development
of shortwave wireless communication, which constitutes the basis
of nearly all modern long-distance radio.
Walter (John) de la Mare
April 25, 1873 -- June 22,
1956
Charlton, Kent, Eng. -- Twickenham,
Middlesex
British poet and novelist with
an unusual power to evoke the ghostly, evanescent moments in life.
Felix d' Herelle
April 25, 1873 -- February
22, 1949
Montreal, Que., Can. -- Paris,
Fr.
French-Canadian microbiologist
generally known as the discoverer of the bacteriophage, a virus
that infects bacteria. (The earlier identification of the bacteriophage
by the British microbiologist F.W. Twort in about 1915 became
obscured by Twort's disinclination ...
Howard R(oger) Garis
April 25, 1873 -- November
6, 1962
Binghamton, N.Y., U.S. -- Amherst,
Mass.
Author, creator of the Uncle
Wiggily series of children's stories, who began his career as
a newspaperman on the Newark Evening News in 1896. Shortly after,
he began writing a daily bedtime story about Uncle Wiggily--a
rabbit hero--and his friends. He ...
Sir Edward Grey, 3RD BARONET
April 25, 1862 -- September
7, 1933
London -- Fallodon, near Embleton,
Northumberland, Eng.
British statesman whose 11
years (1905-16) as British foreign secretary, the longest uninterrupted
tenure of that office in history, were marked by the start of
World War I, about which he made a ...
Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman
April 25, 1861 -- July 8, 1939
New York, N.Y., U.S. -- Lake
Placid, N.Y.
American economist and educator,
an expert on taxation.
John Frank Stevens
April 25, 1853 -- June 2, 1943
near West Gardiner, Maine,
U.S. -- Southern Pines, N.C.
American civil engineer and
railroad executive who, as chief engineer of the Panama Canal
from late 1905 to April 1907, laid the basis for that project's
successful completion.
Leopoldo Alas (y Urena)
April 25, 1852 -- June 13,
1901
Zamora, Spain -- Oviedo
Novelist and the most influential
literary critic of Spain in the late 19th century. His biting
and often bellicose articles, sometimes called paliques ("chit-chat"),
and his advocacy of naturalism and anticlericalism not only made
him the nation's most ...
Felix Klein
April 25, 1849 -- June 22,
1925
Düsseldorf, Prussia [Germany]
-- Göttingen, Ger.
German mathematician whose
synthesis of geometry as the study of the properties of a space
that are invariant under a given group of transformations, known
as the Erlanger Programm, profoundly influenced ...
Francois Hennebique
April 25, 1842 -- March 20,
1921
Neuville-Saint-Vaast, France
-- Paris
French engineer who devised
the technique of construction with reinforced concrete.
Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky
April 25, 1840 -- October 25,
1893
Votkinsk, Russia -- St. Petersburg
Leading Russian composer of
the late 19th century, whose works are notable for their melodic
inspiration and their orchestration. He is regarded as the master
composer for classical ballet, ...
Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada
April 25, 1827 -- April 1889
Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico --
New York, N.Y., U.S.
President of Mexico from 1872
to 1876.
William Deering
April 25, 1826 -- December
9, 1913
South Paris, Maine, U.S. --
Coconut Grove, Fla.
American businessman and philanthropist
whose company was at one time the largest agricultural-implement
manufacturer in the world.
Abdulmecid I
April 25, 1823 -- June 25,
1861
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
[now Istanbul, Tur.] -- Constantinople Ottoman sultan from 1839
to 1861 who issued two major social and political reform edicts
known as the Hatt-i Serif of Gülhane (Noble Edict of the
Rose Chamber) in 1839 and the Hatt-i Hümayun (Imperial Edict)
in 1856, ...
John Keble
April 25, 1792 -- March 29,
1866
Fairford, Gloucestershire,
Eng. -- Bournemouth, Hampshire
Anglican priest, theologian,
and poet who originated and helped lead the Oxford Movement (q.v.),
which sought to revive in Anglicanism the High Church ideals of
the later 17th-century church.
Sir Marc Isambard Brunel
April 25, 1769 -- December
12, 1849
Hacqueville, France -- London,
Eng.
French-emigré engineer
and inventor who solved the historic problem of underwater tunneling.
Nicolas-Charles Oudinot, DUKE
(duc) DE REGGIO
April 25, 1767 -- September
13, 1847
Bar-le-Duc, France -- Paris
General, administrator, and
marshal of France in the Napoleonic Wars whose career illustrates
the opportunities to rise in the French army after the Revolution.
Augustus Keppel Keppel (of
Elvedon), Viscount, BARON ELDEN
April 25, 1725 -- October 2,
1786
-- Elveden Hall, Suffolk, Eng.
English admiral and politician
whose career as a seagoing commander ended in a controversy of
political origin during the American Revolution.
Emmerich de Vattel
April 25, 1714 -- December
28, 1767
Couvet, Neuchâtel, Switz.
-- Neuchâtel
Swiss jurist who, in Le Droit
des gens (1758; "The Law of Nations"), applied a theory
of natural law to international relations. His treatise was especially
influential in the United States because his principles of liberty
and equality coincided ...
Richard Boyle Burlington, 3rd
Earl of, 5TH EARL OF CORKE, or CORK,
VISCOUNT DUNGARVAN, VISCOUNT
BOYLE OF KINALMEAKY, LORD
CLIFFORD, LORD BOYLE, BARON
CLIFFORD OF LANESBOROUGH,
BARON OF YOUGHAL, BARON OF
BANDON BRIDGE
April 25, 1694 -- December
3, 1753
London, Eng. -- London
English architect who was one
of the originators of the Neo-Palladian style of the 18th century.
Sir William Temple, BARONET
April 25, 1628 -- January 27,
1699
London, Eng. -- Moor Park,
Surrey, Eng.
English statesman and diplomat
who formulated the pro-Dutch foreign policy employed intermittently
during the reign of King Charles II. In addition, his thought
and prose style had a great influence on many 18th-century writers,
particularly on Jonathan Swift.
Roger Boyle Orrery, 1st Earl
of, LORD BOYLE, BARON OF BROGHILL
April 25, 1621 -- October 16,
1679
Waterford, Ire. -- Castlemartyr,
Ire.
Irish magnate and author prominent
during the English Civil Wars, Commonwealth, and Restoration periods.
Gaston (-Jean-Baptiste) Orleans,
duc d' (duke of), DUC D'ANJOU
April 25, 1608 -- February
2, 1660
Fontainebleau, Fr. -- Blois
Prince who readily lent his
prestige to several unsuccessful conspiracies and revolts against
the ministerial governments during the reign of his brother, King
Louis XIII (ruled 1610-43), and the minority of his nephew, Louis
XIV (ruled ...
Oliver Cromwell
April 25, 1599 -- September
3, 1658
Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire,
Eng. -- London
English soldier and statesman
who led parliamentary forces in the English Civil Wars; he was
lord protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1653 to
1658 during the Commonwealth.
Edward II
April 25, 1284 -- 1327
Caernarvon, Caernarvonshire,
Wales -- Berkeley, Gloucestershire, Eng.
King of England from 1307 to
1327. Although he was a man of limited capability, he waged a
long, hopeless campaign to assert his authority over powerful
barons.
Conrad IV
April 25, 1228 -- May 21, 1254
Andria, Italy -- Lavello
German king from 1237 and king
of Sicily from 1251.
Louis IX
April 25, 1214 -- August 25,
25
Poissy, Fr.
King of France from 1226 to
1270, the most popular of the Capetian monarchs. He led the Seventh
Crusade to the Holy Land in 1248-50 and died on another crusade
to Tunisia.
Ezzelino III DA ROMANO
April 25, 1194 -- October 1,
1259
-- Soncino, Lombardy
Italian noble and soldier who
was podestà (feudal mayor) of Verona (1226-30, 1232-59),
Vicenza (1236-59), and Padua (1237-56). A skilled commander and
successful intriguer, he expanded and consolidated his power over
almost all northeast ...
Copyright (c) 1997, Encyclopaedia
Britannica, Inc. All Rights Reserved